Saturday, August 31, 2019
Explore the presentation of Heathcliffs Essay
Explore the presentation of Heathcliff’s journey in Wuthering Heights, in the light of the Marxist Perspective. In Wuthering Heights, Bronti show’s Marxist view’s that ‘it is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness’. Bront? first published her text in the form of a novel in 1847. During this time England was influenced by Marx’s ideas, socialists in England held a conference in London where they formed a new organisation called the Communist League, the aims of the organisation being to overthrow the old bourgeois society based on class antagonisms and to the establish a new society without classes and without private property. Despite England being influenced by Marx ideas at the time, Bront? created Wuthering Heights: a mix genre novel with themes such as domestic realism, tragedy and gothic love, which were very much open to critic and discussion at the time. This shows the extent to how she was much stipulated in her ideas and therefore Wuthering Heights might not have been influenced by the Marxist ideas at the time. When Heathcliff enters in chapter four with no social or domestic status, emphasised by his ‘gibberish that nobody could understand’ suggesting his lack of social skills and ability to communicate; his lingual acquisition depends on his surroundings. Miles notes how ‘rather than a dual function there is an oscillation resulting in the name never satisfactorily serving him either way’, when he enters his name ‘serves’ him as both his ‘Christian name and surname’ immediately setting him as an outsider and determining his role because he does not embody conventions of society. Victorian Society was organised such that the base of the society determines its superstructure, everything associated with culture: education, law, religion and the arts but because Heathcliff is not an Earnshaw his status means he cannot access this cultural economy and he is ultimately rejected. His name therefore presents his inability to gain access and the extent of his exclusion, as Miles notes is ‘a constant reminder of the unsatisfactory fit between himself and the codes of a society denying him incorporation’. It is his status and his social existence that therefore does determine his consciousness. Bronti creates suggested possibilities that cannot ultimately be realised; when Heathcliff first enters he is referred to as ‘landlord’, yet is not given the opportunity to become an Earnshaw. Also, as Gilbert and Gubar note: ‘smashing Catherines rival-brother’s fiddle and making a desirable third among the children in the family so as to insulate her from the pressure of her brothers domination’, this shows the possibilities that Heathcliff might have been able to integrate into the Earnshaws and therefore society in turn becoming Catherine’s chance for freedom from strict social structure, but because of the base structure of the Victorian Society he is rejected. Perhaps the ‘smashing’ quote from Gilbert and Gubar refers to the ‘three thrashings’ Heathcliff had to endure, foreshadowing the idea that the only way he can become part of Victorian Society is in a destructive way. The first reason why possibilities cannot be realised is that Heathcliff is learning his social position: Mr Earnshaw calls him ‘poor, fatherless child’, Heathcliff is constantly made to perceive himself as poor, these social circumstances determine why Heathcliff is placed into the servant quarters and therefore kept separate from social events by Hindley, who is in power after Mr Earnshaw dies. Heathcliff’s access to the superstructure of Victorian society becomes limited, and even though Heathcliff ‘bore his degradation well’ this heightens his perception of himself as someone in need of charity, making him susceptible to charity or abuse. Perhaps the possibilities might have been realised if Catherine hadn’t accessed Thrushcross Grange: a place ‘carpeted with crimson†¦ pure white ceiling bordered with gold’, suggesting Thrushcross Grange’s wealth, status and a place that epitomises gentry and reflecting the Victorian connection of wealth and heaven. When Catherine is taken to Trushcross Grange she is introduced to a new social status, where she has ‘combed her beautiful hair’ and ‘pair of enormous slippers’, we see how her ‘consciousness’ has now changed as she has been introduced to Victorian Societies superstructure. It is only until this integration into the Heights that Catherine realises Heathcliff is not adequate for her. She is enabled access to the Heights because of her name and its association with economic position. Heathcliff is a gypsy and by ‘putting up the shutters’, ‘curtains half closed’ while Heathcliff’s looking through the window panes shows how the barriers symbolise Bronti presenting the strict Victorian Society which denies Heathcliff’s access to culture and education. Trushcross Grange becomes somewhat of a Victorian society’s ideal, a materialistic ideal. Catherine’s awareness of her social existence results in her new perception that she cannot marry Heathcliff because: ‘if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars’ Even though he is her authentic love and she hints at Heathcliff and her being inseparable she does not follow through. She has already chosen to marry Edgar; and so the novel can be read from a Marxist perspective as Catherine’s outlook in marrying Edgar is materialist as she thinks about social reasons and survival, as opposed to the idealistic perspective. Bronti shows how Catherine is affected my material circumstances reflected when she says she will be â€Å"queen of the neighbourhood†and does not chose Heathcliff, who can be seen as a symbol of her freedom. However, it can be argued that she never has a choice between the two as the way she is set to think is largely conditioned by the way the economy is organised. Bront? presents through the novel how this economy determines the superstructure and therefore even though Heathcliff stands for Catherine’s freedom it is Victorian society’s mentality that means people remain ignorant of Heathcliff’s potential goodness, who is instead driven away because he does not have the capital (money) or culture (education) to support her. So, Catherine probably is right in saying they would be beggars. It is their social circumstances that have determined much of their life and results in Heathcliff running off. Bront? creates this gap in the novel where we are unaware of Heathcliff’s situation which effectively creates a sense of mystery around Heathliff and and forms tension until his return, even if it be full of vengeance.
Friday, August 30, 2019
Methodology Review
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this research study is to determine and gather information about the television viewing habits of individuals who watch game shows most of the time. This study would aim to determine what factors affect the participant’s attraction to game shows as well as the benefits and disadvantages that they gain from watching game shows. At the same time, this study would like to demonstrate whether the feelings and thoughts of respondents would lead to psychological addiction to game shows. Data Collection This study will be conducted in the researcher’s hometown, an urban city with various cultural groups and which have a wide array of economically diverse individuals. The city is small as compared to major cities but nonetheless is exposed to the different game shows, in fact around 10 game show contestants have come from this city. Most families own a TV set and most people stay home to watch the TV than to party or go out at night. The data will be collected through the use of a survey questionnaire designed by the researcher. The questionnaire will use both open ended and close ended questions as well as a Likert scale on items that asks about attitudes and feelings. The survey questionnaire will be given out to the researcher’s workplace and neighborhood. The sample of respondents will be identified through referrals and randomly approaching coworkers and neighbors. The data gathering would approximately take around 2 weeks to complete excluding the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript which would take another week. An assistant will be hired to help give out and retrieve the survey questionnaires in the researcher’s neighborhood. The assistant will be compensated based on the number of survey forms completely filled and returned. The respondents will be informed of the objectives of the research and they will be asked to voluntarily complete the survey, no compensation or reward will be given to the respondents. After the data has been collected, the researcher will then proceed to collate the data and analyze it using statistical tools. Descriptive statistics will be done on the demographic data and viewing habits of the respondents while rating scale equivalents will be identified for items that use the Likert scale. The open ended questions about the benefits and disadvantages of watching television game shows will be analyzed and discussed identifying the most common responses and contrasting it with the least common responses. It is anticipated that the researcher may encounter problems in data collection, this would include the low respondent turn-out, since respondents will be asked to totally volunteer their answers and time to the survey, not many people might be willing to do this, another issue is that since the target participants will be the coworkers of the researcher, the responses may have not been seriously given as they are busy individuals and they just comply with the researchers request. Moreover, the participants form the neighborhood of the researcher may not be able to adequately respond to the questions because it may not be culturally appropriate or difficult to understand. Preliminary Survey Form Demographic data: Age: _____ Gender: ______ Ethnicity: ______ Educational level: ______ Occupation: ______ Open ended questions: In a week, how often do you watch TV game shows? List all the game shows that you watch. What do you think makes TV game shows attractive to watch? What are the benefits that you have gained from watching TV game shows? What are the disadvantages you have experienced in watching TV game shows? Likert Scale: Please indicate your answers by using the following scale: 5 – Always 4 – Often 3 – Sometimes 2 – Rarely 1 – Never 1. When I watch TV game shows I feel excited. 1         2         3         4         5 2. I am happy the most when I watch TV game shows. 1         2         3         4         5 3. I am alert and awake when I watch TV game shows. 1         2         3         4         5 4. I become sad when the player in the game show loses. 1         2         3         4         5 5. I wish that I would become a TV game show contestant. 1         2         3         4         5 6. I dream that I am a game show contestant. 1         2         3         4         5 7. I feel frustrated when I am not able to watch my favorite game show. 1         2         3         4         5 Â
Thursday, August 29, 2019
War is not Beneficial to the World Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
War is not Beneficial to the World - Term Paper Example Contrary to beliefs that human beings should not fight each other, there are individuals who have vested interests and used war as a scapegoat to achieve their personal gains. These interests might take the form of resources owned by certain nations. Due to greed, some nations have invaded other nations through war in a bid to embezzle resources from the said countries. Further, it argues that human beings fight each other for revenge purposes, that is, to avenge perceived insults or defeat. The fact that human beings would always want to feel superior over others and thus through war, they are able to prove their superiority. Human beings do fight when they perceive threats from others or chances of losing. It is also argued that war is a natural population control, however, unpleasant, it acts to ease competition for resources, and reduce population. In light of war being a natural control for unhealthy large population, there are other ways to curb the growth. War is inevitable, this is evident from the fact that, over the years, the number of wars has reduced gradually, with regard to first war and the second;  also the casualties of war or violence have reduced with time (Tomsen 532). There has been a significant drop in the number of deaths resulting from wars. This may be attributed to a surge in the number of democracies, 20 to nearly all the countries since the Second World War. Since democracies, rarely wage war against each other, a continuing decline in the magnitude of armed conflicts may as well be seen. Decline of war may as well be credited to the creation of stable states having effective legal systems, and police forces, which eliminates the endless feuding that plagued tribal societies. Increased life expectancy makes people less willing to risk their lives by engaging in violence. Also as a result of globalization and communication, people have ended up being interdependent on each other. On the other hand, war may not be inevitable this is because human beings have always fought in wars and always will due to the fact that human beings are innately aggressive.
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
Compare the ideas of Carl Sauer in his specific idelogical view Essay
Compare the ideas of Carl Sauer in his specific idelogical view Thinking Geographically Space theory and contemporary human geography Hubbard Kitchin et al to - Essay Example Thus, Sauer helped to establish many of the academic structures of present day geographical studies as well as link the importance of all of these studies in an effort to achieve better understanding among students in sharp contrast from the rather unschooled, strictly physical approaches to the science that had gone before him. In bringing forth these ideas, Sauer differed greatly from his predecessors, such as David Livingstone, who explored geography on a purely physical plain. Livingstone conducted his explorations during what is considered the new imperial age of exploration in which was seen great expansion of territories and ideas. In his world, the goals of exploration were quite different from the academic pursuits for understanding of Sauer’s time, serving to validate European held beliefs that expounded the idea of an organized universe and serving to claim new lands for God and crown. Based on their ideas of universal hierarchy, which was further supported by the ideas of Social Darwinism, it was believed the cultures of Europe had seen much higher advancement than those of Africa. Rather than seeking to learn about the cultures and people they came across, Livingstone and others sought instead to convert them, saving their souls and teaching them the ‘right’ way to live, the reby losing much of the advantages to interaction, in terms of information regarding the physical landscape as well as a means of learning about their ancient stories and cultures. Modern geographers such as Harry Kitchen, on the other hand, have taken to segregating their studies into various fields such as economics and physical geography, but yet have continued to draw out the linkages between these fields. In writing about the geography of Canada, Kitchen is careful to enumerate the physical geography of the provinces as well as the economic challenges this
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Homework Wk 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Homework Wk 3 - Assignment Example a. US Treasury Bills – Although it is the most liquid short-term security it is considered as risk-free investment. This could lead to potential disadvantage for corporations’ cash management because the yields of these securities are nominal that may not be sufficient for current cash requirements. b. Ordinary Preferred Stock – It allows a company to raise capital without diluting voting rights where the investor is eligible to receive regular dividends. This is in contrast to the nature of pure equity where investor shares risk of firm. This would require regular cash outflow by the firm. c. NCDs – They allow the companies to raise capital from investors by promising returns at specified rate of interest on deposit. NCDs also allow the investor to trade security in stock markets so that investor may exit the option before maturity. But when the corporation is not able to earn regular cash as a result of which its weighted average cost of capital exceeds interest earned then NCDs may become a burden for the corporate. d. Commercial Papers – They are issued by corporations having good credit ratings and market reputation allowing them to raise capital from investors directly without any intermediary (like banks). This reduces the cost of borrowing but requires company to repay investor at own expense. From given information if the cost of carrying per phone is $26 per year and fixed order cost is $340 then carrying cost per phone is approximately 13.08 (that is, 340/26) and total carrying cost for 740 phones is approximately $9676.92 (that is, 13.08 x 740). From the above calculations it is clear that the company should increase order size as the storage cost is cheaper than cost of carry. Also, the optimal inventory policy would require the company to produce 38 phones [since, √ [2 x 740 x (340/26)] = 38.04]. JIT inventory management system allows manufacturer to eliminate
Monday, August 26, 2019
Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2
Strategic Marketing - Essay Example The success of Primm Valley Casino Resorts, located at least 35 miles from its bigger cousin Las Vegas in Nevada County is proof that there is indeed truth in the value of segmentation- and that targeting the large Hispanic segment in America is a safe bet that has worked. FACTORS THAT HAVE MADE THIS STRATEGY SUCCESSFUL Primm Valley Casino Resorts is located at least 35 miles south of Las Vegas in Nevada. With this prime location within driving distance, it is surprising that Primm Valley has even managed to court business- but it has and to a substantial degree is evident from the money that is earned on busy weekends. Behind the success of Primm Valley is the concentration on the needs of the large Hispanic population that dominates this and surrounding areas. Hispanics love to travel in groups and many of these groups of friends, neighbors and relatives meet at the resorts or come together to have a chance at the tables, slot machines, dine, drink and have a good time. What greets them here is the sights and sounds of their own language and culture, as the atmosphere is full of Spanish speaking males and females having a good time. Even the waiters and bartenders are Spanish. The signs are in Spanish too, as well as the instructions on every corner. No need to know English here-what a relief! Finally one can enjoy an evening Spanish style. Look, there are even Spanish singers to entertain the crowds in this wonderful language. It is like bringing Spain to America (Medina, 2011). PRINCIPLES AND IDEAS THAT EXPLAIN THIS SUCCESS A little analysis will show that market segmentation, targeting and positioning is behind this success. The resort has capitalized on the needs of the Hispanic market, made the entire process language friendly and also brought in Hispanic singers and entertainers. Segmentation refers to deciphering, analyzing and catering to the needs of a particular segment of the population, in this case the Hispanics. Population censuses have indicate d that this is the biggest and fastest growing segment of the US population in the last two elections, so no wonder a good many Hispanics flock the casinos. Besides, there is no sound sweeter than the sound of your own native language, no matter where in the world you are. At the resort, people are served by Hispanic waiters and even the signs at the tables and slot machines are in Spanish. The slot machines are quite a favorite with the Spanish. Being a society that loves to work in groups, Spanish people are influenced by others in their group and also like to follow the lead of others who are having fun in shared activities. Eva Mendes, Eva Longoria, Teri Hatcher and Jennifer Lopez would likely be some of the stars they look up to and want to emulate. By targeting the opinion leaders in the Spanish community, the management of Primm Valley Casino Resorts stands a good chance of continuing to get good business. LESSONS IN TARGETING A NEW MARKET The case study of Primm Valley Resor ts is a good example of how to segment and target a new market. Quite obviously the builders and marketers for the resort project had the Hispanic population in their sights as they created the casino and resort areas. While there is a concern that going to the casino regularly would turn some of them into gambling addicts, Latinos know that help is available and take the risk in stride. The management of the resorts thus needs to target proper reference groups. There may be people with different opinions in Hispanic society. The dis-associative group would prefer to shun the resorts altogether, stating that it would lead to the gambling habit, or maybe that it is
Sunday, August 25, 2019
An illustrated critique of the nature of brand design and its value to Essay
An illustrated critique of the nature of brand design and its value to a selective company - Essay Example However, twenty-first century marketing is affected and transformed by the following: globalisation, rapid developments in information and computer technology, digital platforms of communications, the development social awareness of corporations, and the recognition of consumers’ rights and the change significance of consumers in marketing (Domegan 2008; Elliot & Percy 2007; Hastings &McDermott 2006; Kotler et al 2006). Since, contemporary marketing places the customer ‘at the heart of all transactions’, thus, satisfaction of their needs and adding value to their experiences have become some of the primary drivers for the continued innovation of marketing (Bignell 2002; Schmitt 2000). In this regard, this study will look into one of the most important facets of marketing – brand design and its value to the company. Marketing is not just simple offering of products to the customers. It is primarily geared towards satisfaction of clients’ needs. Howeve r, as there are other companies who are producing the same products aiming the same goal of satisfying customers brand becomes a necessary tool. Brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design or a combination of these that identifies the goods or of a seller and differentiates them from those of competitors†(Kotler et al, 2006: 312). Moreover, brands also refer to the â€Å"tangible and intangible attributes that represent the company and also symbolise the customers’ perception†(Kotler et al, 2006: 109). In this case, brand designs are not just the physical attributions of the brand. It includes the emotional, experiential and cognitive connection that the customers may experience upon the use of the product. In this sense, brand design becomes the conduit in establishing the brand equity and loyalty that has been recognised as profitable for the shareholders and a more definite source of long–term sales (Doyle 2008). As such, this study will look into the impact and value of brand design to a selected company. This is significant as it help in gaining a better understanding of the correlation between brand design and its value. At the same time, it helps identify other possible factors that may influence the relationship between brand design and its value to the company. For this study, Apple is the selected company that will be analysed. The paper will have the following structure. The first part is the introduction wherein a brief discussion of marketing branding and the various influences of affecting contemporary marketing are provided. Likewise, the purpose and structure of the research are also given. The second part will deal with an overview of Apple while the third section will deal with segmentation, targeting and positioning of the brand. Meanwhile, the fourth part will undertake an evaluation of brand design and the fifth part will address the question ‘how important is the brand for the business. Finally, the l ast section will contain the conclusion and recommendation of the study. Apple Inc: A Brief Overview Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Mike Markkula on 1976 and incorporated on 1977. The first products of the company were Apple I, II and III. These products were moderately successful in the market. In 1983, they released Lisa, which was a failure. However, by 1984 the
Saturday, August 24, 2019
War Strategists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
War Strategists - Essay Example Consequently, Jomini’s theory of strategy entirely relied on geometric considerations. He advocated concentrating alongside fractions of the enemy’s force before striking the critical objective. Significantly, Clausewitz and Jomini theories have immensely contributed to understanding today’s military profession1. Accordingly, the FM 3.0 represents a revolutionary departure from past theories. It has engaged in an operational of employing such principles as offensive, stability or civil support operations concurrently as part of an inter-reliant joint force to grab, retain and exploit the initiative, accepting practical risk thus generating opportunities for achieving decisive results. The FM 3.0 operations significantly initiated a comprehensive change in the army by capturing the solder’s experience over t numerous years of extensive combat. It therefore changed the army’s conceptualization of operations hence it adopted FSO as a central tenet of h ow it applies its capabilities. Consequently, the concept of FSO plays critical roles in the army. FM 3.0 reflects an inclusive understanding of the numerous impacts of myriad years of persistent conflict in army operations. It puts emphasizes on people over technology, hence focus on an initiative and responsibility at lower levels of command2. It is worth noting that, understanding the operational environment and the intriguing problems, requires a precise methodology that expands beyond the military decision making process. Currently, the operational environment has experienced an enormous emergency of hybrid threats hence profoundly increasing uncertainty in the operational environment. In response, it has called for the need of creating teams to work closely with joint interagency and multinational assets among modular forces. Additionally, working with host-nation partners, teamwork requires extensive personal cooperation instead of military command. Finally, the capability to transmit clear and concise messages to target audiences plays a critical role in delivering lethal combat work. Consequently, it calls for an appropriate strategy in order to ensure victorious success in FSO. In response, current research has revealed that, the FM 3.0 has adopted a peculiar strategy referred to as blitzkrieg war strategy. Additionally, the strategy has based its foundation on nine compressive principles for success in FSO3. The blitzkrieg strategy entails employment of lightning attacks, overwhelming the enemy with speed ad concentrated fire-force. Typically, blitzkrieg strategy largely relies on tanks, which combine with speed. Its basic principle entails bombardment of a weak point in the enemy defense followed by feints and thorough probes to find a breakthrough point, plus a follow-up encirclement to prevent flanking and capturing remaining forces. Accordingly, at the defeat of the enemy, a follow up force may hold the position, while the main force moves on qu ickly to the next target. Blitzkrieg strategy works entirely by shock and depends entirely the maneuver and surprise principles rather than wearing down the enemy by long bombardment or pitched battles. Consequently, it represents a typical cross-country technique for conquering large tracts of relatively defended land. In addition, it implies distracting a dispatched the enemy from dealing with your attacks4. Similarly, the FM 3.0 provides
Observation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Observation - Research Paper Example The interactions were thus, mainly between the coffee shop waiters and the students or among the groups of students. The observations of the first day were students coming in mostly in groups and sitting at large tables. The waiters greeted them nicely and in a friendly manner asking them what they would want to have. The students discussed with one another, showed certain confusions, conflicts, indecisiveness, and lack of coordination. The order was taken and the waiter simply smiled at the group of students. The students then interacted with one another, enjoyed, and talked about their colleagues, teachers, and studies. They talked about their upcoming history project that they all found difficult and were tensed about. Then they talked about their rival group in class and how much they disliked them. They continued their discussions while eating and having their coffees then went away. Another couple walked in by then, the waiter greeted them and took their order; they talked to each other all the time, and then went away after their coffee. On the second day, again a group of college students entered the coffee shop. The waiter greeted them nicely and they seemed to know him well as they asked him how he’s doing and whether his new boss is taking too much work from him. This group of students walked in with bags and books in their hands. They were calm and rather more sophisticated than the group on the first day. One of them gave the order to the waiter on behalf of everyone and soon they started their group study session. One of the group member started explaining the others and they heard him with serious expressions while having their coffees. On the third day of observation, the coffee shop was highly crowded and rushed. There were three girls sitting on one table constantly gossiping and talking to one another and they had their phones in their hands too through which they clicked several pictures. A
Friday, August 23, 2019
Assertion of the Supreme Court Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Assertion of the Supreme Court - Research Paper Example Bill of Rights – was founded on this concern; inclusive of all its prohibitions, pertaining to various issues of legal justice and jurisprudence. In this regard, issues focused on within the prohibitions include: - the rights of all Americans against self-incrimination, right against unwarranted and unreasonable searches and seizures, and importantly; with regard to the issue under focus – the right to trial by jury. This right to a jury trial, plays a vital role within the American justice system; hence the need to not only understand prevailing weaknesses and strengths, but further still, on the critical function of the jury, within criminal matter contexts (Vogler, 2005). The American Supreme Court, has in recent history continuously asserted on the fact that a defendant is not entitled to a jury that is composed in part, or whole, by individuals of his/her own race or ethnic identity. These rulings are without doubt well-intentioned, given the sensitive nature of criminal trials in any given locality or state. While viewed as a positive way forward, the rulings in no way obligate the utility of racially mixed juries in given case scenarios, nor do they prohibit states from utilizing such a jury. In fact, as Jeffrey (1994) asserts, quite a substantial number of legal scholars and policy makers are of the view that the utility of racial criteria, can in fact aid in the promotion of racial diversity within prevailing American juries. Suggestions have been further provided, on the need to ensure larger proportions of racial minorities are included; by way of removing some of the majority-race jurors present (Jeffrey, 1994). According to the Sixth Amendment of the American Constitution, a jury trial is guaranteed to anyone facing all manner of criminal cases i.e. misdemeanor, felony, state or federal in nature. Presently however, as Forsyth & Appleton (2009) allude, it is more common to those individuals facing potential imprisonment, of at least six
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Green revolution Essay Example for Free
Green revolution Essay This chapter of the reading deals with the introduction on what the â€Å"green revolution†is all about. Understandably, the major explanation of the matter is that the entrance of the 21st century in the human history brought about several advancements within the social system that involved environmental destruction. Understandably though, this destruction is something that cannot be easily seen by the human eye. Usually, it is even misunderstood as part of progress. So far, it could be noted that the most prosperous cities in the world today are noted for their huge buildings that bring commercial gains to the local government an not for the parks that could be seen around their territories. Although there maybe some parks with tress in it within their areas, it could be noted that such a structure of natural beauty could not cater to all the people that the city actually holds. This is the reason why there is a great need to return to the â€Å"green†. This means restructuring the ways by which humans recognize the importance of an environment that is characterized by the beauty of nature, which could be fulfilled through applying a new approach in creating architectural designs. This is called the â€Å"green building revolution†. This particular innovative approach in creating new functions for the newly established buildings today is aimed to make the said structures more open to becoming the new source of a new â€Å"breathable†ecosystem for the entire city. Summary: From this chapter, the questions, what, why and where were answered to be able to clarify what the â€Å"green revolution†is all about. From the discussion above, it could be noted that the primary source of this revolution is architecture and the new innovations that they are ready to share to be able to create a 21st century ‘breathable†environment in the middle of every progressive city in the world. CHAPTER 2: What is a green building? Is the color green? No, but its surroundings and even its rooftops are†¦ This is the main idea that the architects are aiming to apply in producing the green building designs. Canada has been among the first cities in the world who first embraced this particular thought. Considerably, as noted from the first chapter, the focus of the movement is to bring in some â€Å"green†environment amidst the tall buildings that embraces its territories. The proposal then entices every owner of building in the city to becoming more concerned of the environment and joining the revolution of making his or her establishment more environment friendly. More than just adding to the aesthetics of the building, the green revolution aims to make the establishments more conducive to work and life itself both in and out. This means that green buildings are also expected to handle interiors that are designed to attract occupants through the â€Å"green†environment that it offers. Undoubtedly, the â€Å"one with nature†theme of such buildings are designed to make life in the cities much better through the incorporation of nature. It is more of like a movement towards coming back to nature. Studies have noted that most health issues related to pollution and stress are reported from the residents of several large cities around the world. Apparently, the lost of trees and other â€Å"green†creations around their area becomes a toll to their health. Through research and continuous observation of the current situation in the metropolitan scene, architects were able to note that bringing back the trees and plants in the cities could reclaim the health of their residents. Summary: This chapter explains why there is the need to bring the large cities around the word back to the suburban lifestyle that welcomes nature as the largest part of the society. The green revolution is described in this chapter as the primary medium that shall bring back the color and breathe of life to the polluted cities of the world. CHAPTER 3: The business case for green buildings Yes it is innovative and environment friendly, but is it profitable? Would not the establishment of the said buildings hurt the finances of the business? These are the primary questions asked by owners of businesses and other owners of buildings [residents and other nonprofit organizations] who were primarily offered with the proposal of the green designs. Of course, being innovative as it is, the owners of buildings that are to be established want to know how much they are supposed to shed off their finances and supposedly â€Å"how much†could they expect in return. According to outstanding repots, a regular American resident spends at least 36% of his earnings and savings on healthcare needs alone. Some buy vitamins to keep their resistance to viruses strong and still they get sick because of the situation of the environments that they are living in. The pollution gets into their body everyday as they get out of their houses, and at times even when they are inside the premises of their homes. On the other hand, employers around the American region spend at least 54% percent of their profit in giving healthcare assistances to their employees every year. Why is this so? Most employees reported to be sick from work are affected by the kind environment that they are trying to live with everyday as they attend to work. This is the reason why a change of structural design has been called into the attention of the owners of the establishments. Summary: Considerably, everyone is expected to have some questions with regards the innovative approach to the new building design proposed. Understandably, this section of the reading tries to answer some of the said queries through the statistical reports gathered by the author himself from several studies that prove the need for having a revolutionary approach in changing the building designs into becoming more environment as well as people friendly. CHAPTER 4: The costs of green building Is it all worth it? To explain the matter further, Jerry Yudelson intended to present a list of benefits that the owners of the buildings and the occupants of the said areas could get from agreeing with the proposal. The said lists are as follows: 1. Better Health: this is primarily because of the wide-open spaces that the design suggests especially on work area designs as well as the home architecture approaches. As the spaces become much easier to move with, more air could come in and out of the area as supported by the greeneries both in an out of the stations making the said buildings more healthy to work with. 2. Better Performance at work: As they are healthier, occupants of the area tend to perform better at work. 3. Better moods and lesser tension: lesser clutter, lesser pollution, lesser stress and lesser tension, that is the math of lessening the sources of negative moods in buildings of work and residences to create a more easy to live with areas. 4. Enhanced aesthetics: of course, the green revolution beautifies everything. The areas are expected to become more livable and much enjoyable to see as well, making it a more relaxing area for those using it everyday. Obviously, as it could be noted from the list, the green revolution decreases the chances on people spending too much money for the unnecessary healthcare costs brought about by a less livable environment. Whatever the amount of money that was given out to be able to integrate the innovation within the design of the buildings could easily be gained back from the benefits that it gives to the occupants of the said establishments. Summary: This chapter shows that although there might be a considerable amount needed to integrate the green building system within an establishment, there are numerous benefits from the said structure that could equal or even outdo the expenses shed out by the owners of the buildings. CHAPTER 5: The future of green building IT is rather foreseen and hoped by the architecture society that the application of the green building design would be more accepted in the industry in the future. AS the need for more greens increase, the application of the system becomes more acceptable. Aside from that the researches conducted about the matter continues to flourish in an aim of developing lesser cost on the application of the suggested design and even increasing its capability of giving off higher benefits to the owners of the buildings. This chapter further notes the need for developing the system not only to become more attractive to the target market but also to become more functional within the system that it aims to penetrate. Summary: Like any other innovations applied today, the green revolution is expected to take several steps to improve more for the sake of implying development in the system that would make it much easier to comply with for the building owners in the cities. CHAPTER 6: The international green building revolution With the impelling warning of increasing global warming effects in the world today, it is highly essential that the systems of building go back to being â€Å"green†or environmental friendly. This would not only reduce the pollution present in cities and building congested areas, it will also increase the aesthetic value of several buildings that would create a homey atmosphere even within the cities. As noted earlier, green roof designs would actually give way to a cleaner air and better surroundings for people living within the city. It would also allow the people living within a building or those utilizing it for business purposes to appreciate nature again and be aware that they are all supposed to be concerned in caring for the environment. Health issues among the people could later on be reduced as well through the creation of the green roof designs. Obviously, the green roof is only a part of the green revolution’s picture. Understandably, many among the major cities around the world have already opened their minds towards the said suggestion. Among the said cities are Canada and Chicago, the entire proposal is now being presented to every target owner in an aim of enticing them into supporting the said project. Summary: The project of making more environmental buildings around the world is indeed a social aim that has been created to cater to the health needs of the people. Hence, an international approach to the said proposal had been proven worthy of consideration from owners of establishments. CHAPTERS 9-14 The revolution in commercial development The revolution in government and nonprofit buildings The revolution in education The revolution in housing The revolution in neighborhood design and mixed-use The revolution in healthcare This group of chapters discusses the suggested design for each kind of building based from the functions that they serve in the society. Likely, the consideration on the function of each establishment could give the designers an overview of what is needed from the area and how could the integration of the green building design could be integrated within the system. Assessing the process by which people are supposed to work around specific areas would give the designers an idea of where to place air ventilation, the green plants and the windows and screens that would intend to open the structure up to let the natural light of sun come in the establishment and create a more natural-themed work area. As noted, the primary aim of this particular proposal is that of protecting the health of the occupants of the areas. Most importantly, through the said approach, the design of the building aims to secure the financial sources of the occupants and the owners as well in an avoidance of spending too much money on health issues. Summary: as noted from this section of the reading, the author intended to outline the different ways by which the establishments are to be designed according to their functions. For offices, space area is a huge concern as well as the ventilation system and other area considerations within the said establishments. Furthermore, for residential areas, it is much better to consider air passage within the different rooms of the house and the arrangement of indoor plants that could get more oxygen in the said area. Green roofs could be applied in any kind of establishment as long as the owners approve of it. CHAPTERS 15-17: The revolution in workplace design The revolution in property management The revolution in building design and construction These chapters introduce to the readers the major designs to be used. As noted from the previous set of chapters, the revolution of the green design actually depends on the function that the area is supposed to handle everyday, In this section a picture of the actual designs is introduced. From the draft of the designs of both the outdoors (including the roof top) and interiors of the area towards the construction process had been carefully outlined within this section of the book. It also shows the different ways by which the design intends to protect the property for a long time in an A+ condition that could cater to its occupants needs and health concerns. Through the outlines posted by the author, an understanding of the focus of proposal could be made clear. It primarily aims to protect the health and finances of the occupants of the establishments as well as the owners at the same time.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
Report Of Coca Cola Marketing Analysis Marketing Essay
Report Of Coca Cola Marketing Analysis Marketing Essay The operating environment of our company contains two parts: the macro-environment and the micro-environment. Macro-environment: Entering into the 21st century, the material production of the society has been abundantly riched and the standard of living of people has been greatly improved. The UK beverage market is going through an environment of constantly meeting the material and cultural needs of people. The consumption concept of pursuing healthy and fashionable lifestyle becomes more and more important. People constantly strive for excellence and dedicate to the pursuit of aggressiveness. The number of people that concern about the nature and health is constantly increasing, while some products of the Coca-Cola and their fashion sense and metropolitan image are consistent with the characteristics of modern peoples entertainments and the development of living space(Wette Kristensen,2005). They also comply with the demand of low calorie of the consumers, so it will be subject to the general consumers. Micro-environment: Generally speaking, Coca-Cola has the stable and strong suppliers and intermediaries with scale. The supply chain is relatively clear. It can constantly adjust its supply chain and value chain according to the actual situation. This has great relationship with creating the stable kingdom of Coca-Cola(Jens Rupp,2009). There are basically only two competitors within the industry of the US soft drinks for the two companies account for 70% market shares. But there are some differences between these two brands in the customer experience and the impression. Both have a long history and great advertising investment. The influence of history and advertisements make the two brand Coca-Cola and Pepsi become the symbol of American culture. For various reasons they form a great industrial monopolies. Currently Coca-Cola continues to develop to a new direction. (2)Competitive regional analysis The main rival of Coca-Cola in the beverage market is the other existing competitors and potential competitors. Among them, the existing competitors include foreign competitors and local competitors. The foreign competitors-Pepsi Cola is the largest available competitor. Pepsi Cola is one of the worlds most successful companies of consumer goods. The two companies monopolize the cola market in the world (Eileen P,Anderson-Fye ,2004). Currently in the UK, they are popular in different cities. The local brands are Coca-Colas local competitors. These brands in the UK have a relatively fixed group of consumers and the local consumers have formulated certain consumption habits, which is also a strong rival of Coca-Cola. (3)SWOT Analysis Advantage (strength) The worlds largest soft-drink giant, it has the advantages of strong manufacturers and great global competitiveness. Strong marketing capabilities, systems and corporate advertising. Brand image grows deeply in peoples minds, has become one part of consumers life. The Mystery formulations of the core product are extremely confidential, so its popular for 100 years without failure. Access deployment is rather complete, and has the strong sales channels of fast food.Innovative and highly competent, the most representative product is the launch of Diet Coke.High market share, more market leading brand products.Products have the characteristics of convenience, the unique flavor and the fair price and so on.Product life cycle has the patterns of loop recycling, remains intact.Recently it announces that the employee stock option is one part of salary transfer fee, which will fully reflect the financial condition of enterprises. Disadvantage (weakness) Large organizations, control is not easy.Consumers stereotypes to the products unhealthy beverages containing the ingredients of caffeine in cola, and could easily lead to obesity and other health problems. The product identification of major consumer groups (younger) is slightly worse than Pepsi. Access of bottled drinks is over the wide range and its more difficult to control the final product quality of consumers. Opportunity General soft drinks industry can enter into the industry with low barriers, however its hard to develop into the cross-marketing level.Carbonated beverages are more suitable for the demand of the younger, especially for Latin America and the Asia-Pacific countries. The proportion of young people is rapidly improving which brings the industry more business.Brand image of beverage has a deep influence to the sales condition. Threat The alternative of other Non-cola carbonated beverage products of other alternative is still quite possible.The pursuit of health consumers will definitely reduce the consumption of carbonated beverages. The competition of beverage market competition is quite fierce. The main rival Pepsi is a huge threat. Over the past few years, the performance of Coca-Cola is stagnant while the Pepsi is continuous growing. (4)PEST Analysis: Analysis of political and legal factors: the British political environment is stable, the production is developing and people live and work with high level. The legal system is more perfect. Coca-Cola has to be in accordance with the British laws and regulations when takes various marketing activities to achieve better development in the UK. This can bring more advantages and opportunities to Coca-Cola. Analysis of economic environment factor: the treatment of the UK to the foreign investors is very favorable. Foreign and British businesses get the same tax, financial subsidies, new technology development subsidies. Because of the complete base facilities, transport facilities, communication equipment, stable political environment and other advanced and favorable conditions, they are enormously attractive to foreign investors. In addition, the UK is a developed country and has a relatively high level of economic development. (Springer US,2003). So the product quality competition is more important that the price competition if Coca-Cola want to be well developed in the UK. Analysis of technical factor: due to the rapid development of science and technology, the cycle of using new technology in new product has been greatly shortened. The product renewal of beverage industry has speed up. At the same time the promotions are becoming more diverse. Analysis of Social and human factors: the UK is a country filled with elegant atmosphere. But it also has the side of young and enthusiastic. The British are taking care of the life quality and spiritual enjoyment. 2. Marketing positioning (1) Market Segmentation 1) segment by the purchasers age: According to the market survey, the main consumers of Coca-Cola are the younger with the age from 15 to 34. They account for more than half of the whole consumer group. The young generation are open-minded and they pursuit healthy, fashionable and high-quality life. Therefore the natural and healthy Coca-Cola which is consistent with the trend can meet their requirements. 2) segment by the purchasing factors: Interest segments of market age numbers psychology preferable brand taste Heavy consumer Pursuit fashion and trendy and like to buy foreign brands Soda product Health and beauty 20-34 Heavy consumer Pursuit fashion, health and leisure, with more pressure and eager to relax Functional beverage or packaged water with caffeine and vitamins Health and care >35 Light consumer Conservative, pursuit stability, peace and the longevity of life Healthy and nutritious (2) Target Market Through market segmentation, we decide to choose the 18-29 year old consumer group as our target market. Because the consumers with this age are the main consumers of the Coca-Cola products. Besides, as there are lots of universities in Britain, the target group can form the market that is large enough and has some potential. Moreover, since the consumption attitudes of college students change and the income levels of young white-collar increase, the purchasing ability of the group has been improved in some extent. Meanwhile the young people have a higher Coca-Cola brand loyalty. As long as our products can make a breakthrough on taste and function, it will win the consumers heart easily. Develop with the way of regional agency, that is using large cities such as London, Oxford, Cambridge, Birmingham, Liverpool and so on to drive the small market. Take the chains and supermarkets as the main distributors. (3) Marketing Strategy Coca-Cola is an enterprise that keeps pursuitting innovations. After successful developed the non-cola carbonated drink smart series, it introduced a natural non-carbonated fruit juice and successful realizes the product diversification. Its product is coherent. On the other hand, as the boss of beverage industry, Coca-Cola has a clear competitive advantage.(Fiona Scott Morton,Florian Zettelmeyer,2004). First of all, it maintains a concentric development and its own technology, equipment, staff, cost and other advantages provide a solid backing to the development of tea drinks. Second, the Coca-Cola has the worlds most mature, stable production capacity and the fastest distribution channels. The market of tea drinks becomes a corollary. In the end Coca-Cola has a well brand reputation. So we put the favorable market segment as a starting point and focus the strength and advantages of the enterprise in one market segment to obtain success. And then through the spread role of the targe t market to enlarge the vertical depth of consumers. (4)The effect of marketing strategy Segment the market by selecting the 18-34 years of age to learn the needs of market segments and take intensive marketing activities. Then the strong market position can be achieved in the market segments. The enterprise can save substantial operation costs and win the high return on investment as a result of specialized production, distribution and promotion. 3. Advertising Campaign a. advertising strategies (1) advertising objectives: improve the brand image and product awareness (2) advertising theme: happy life (3) performance style: easy sunshine (4) advertising slogan: create an infinite future with Coca-Cola together b. media strategy Media types Characteristic Ads budget Arrival rate Frequency (weekly) Our-door ads Repetitive, with the combined effect of symbols and actions 3500 80% 3 broadcasting low cost, flexible information dissemination, timely, wide spread, 2500 60% 2 network effectively attract the target audiences attention, and interact directly with consumers 3000 80% 2 newspaper Lasting preservation of information, high trust 1000 50% 1
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Market Environment and Structure of Automobile Industry
Market Environment and Structure of Automobile Industry 1.1. Market Environment The market environment is the combination of actors and forces that affect an organisations capability to operate its operations effectively in order to provide its products and services to its customers. (Jobber 2004) According to Jobber (2004) these forces can be classified into internal or external environment and these will act in accordance with the companys position in the market as shown in appendix A. As this analysis is about the automobile industry and companies operating within this industry are also facing these forces. Some of these factors are explored later on in this report. 1.2. Market Structure Chris Britton (2003) defines market structure as the amount of competition that exists between the rivalry organisations. According to him the market structure can be perfection competition; monopolistic competition; oligopoly; or monopoly depending on the nature of business. As the automobile industry in not mainly dominated by one single firm and in different parts of world there are different market leaders. So, in bigger picture the global automobile industry is having an oligopolistic structure where many player are there to share profit and for competition. 1.3. Brief Profile of Automobile Industry The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. According to Datamonitor (2009), more than 40 million cars were sold across the globe which means the market shrunk by 5.3% as compared to 2007. As Europe is biggest consumer of new cars with 42% while Asia-Pacific and America accounts for 32% and 26% respectively (Datamonitor 2009). The plunge in the consumption of new cars is caused by the recent recession and the motor crises which are widely affecting the auto industry. Meanwhile the rising fuel prices and increasing costs of raw material are another great concern for the manufacturer in order to survive in this turbulent atmosphere. Before the global crises the US market which was the biggest consumer of light vehicles was dominated by the big three GM, Chrysler and Ford, while in Europe equal competition was seen among few companies (Ford, Volkswagen, and BMW) and Asian market was mainly dominated by the Toyota. In recent years the Toyota emerged as a big threat for US companies in the international market through its hybrid technology and is giving tough competition. The Tata has launched the world cheapest car Nano in 2009, India is the focus of all major car manufacturers due to its consumption of small cars and it is also described as For small car, India is the centre of the Universe by Alan Mulally, Ford President and CEO (Business Today Sep 2009). 2.0 Looking at Company (Ford) 2.1. Company (Ford Motor ) Profile Ford Motor Company is a globally recognized company based in United States and it operates across the globe in six continents with its four brands (Ford, Mercury, Lincoln and Volvo). It operates primarily through its automotive business and secondarily through its financial services. Its automotive sector consists of manufacture, design, sale service of small vehicles and large trucks, development and spare parts. The financial services are restricted to insurance and vehicle related finance and leasing. According to auto evolution (Dec 2009) ford was the only one to survive among the three US car manufacturers without any aid or government help and not only survived but also pocketed the $1 billion net income in the third quarter of 2009. Ford is known for its innovative design and technology which is gained through its reverse engineering methodology. The chairman of Ford, Bill Ford is following a simple strategy which is, Our vision for the future is simple: We want to build great products, a strong business, and a better world. (Ford.com) 2.2. History of Company (Ford) Ford Motor Company was founded in US state Michigan in 1903 by an automotive pioneer Henry Ford which was first of its kind in the auto industry. The Model T developed in 1908 and resulted in the sales of over 15 million units. By the 1920s it has captured the 50% of the market share. After going into public in 1956, the company has reached the global market with significant success. 3.0 Macroeconomic Analysis of Ford (Pest Analysis) According to Ian Worthington (2003) organisations operates their operations in an economic environment which is shaped by these operational activities. There are number of factors that influence the decisions of a business organisation although these are not under the control of that particular organisation. These factors can be political, social, economical or technological. These factors have the wider influence on the Fords decision making as Ford is also a business organisation which operates through its auto manufacturing operations and financial operations. How these factors influence Fords strategies is discussed below: Political Aspects Ford Motor Company operates in 50 different countries so it has to fulfil the legal and safety requirements in accordance with their rules and regulations. Economic Aspects Social Aspects Technological Aspects 4.0 Micro-Environment Analysis of Ford (Swot Analysis) 4.1. Strengths to Build Upon Strong Engineering and Design Capability The one of the reason behind the success of Ford is its strong design and engineering capabilities. Ford every new depend on the success of its RD projects which are run through 50 engineering and design centre which are located in many countries across the globe. According to Datamonitor (2008) Ford launched Blind Spot Mirror in its cars in order to remove hazards and build the more traffic views for drivers. Ford also introduced the accident-assistance feature in coordination with the National Emergency Number Association (NENA) in order to improve the emergency service in the same year. This shows how technology and innovation matters at Fords in order to remain competitive in the market High Employee Productivity Ford has employed a strong work force that contributes towards the company operations in order to achieve its goals. It has recorded higher revenue per employer ($1.8m) in 2008 as compared to its rivals (GM, Toyota, Honda, and Chrysler) its 3 times more and this simply because of the training and efficiency achieved by its employees. Fords Extensive Dealers The dealer network acquired by Ford is wide spread in all parts of world especially in rural areas represents Ford through its range of products that included Ford, Mercury, Lincoln and Volvo. 4.2. Weaknesses to Overcome Poor Financial Performance Ford didnt perform very well in FY2008 as compared to 2007 and its income statement seen a decline of 15.3% (Table 4 Appendix D) which was widely due to the recession and lower revenues of Jaguar and Land Rover. The Jaguar and Land Rover was sold later that year in order to control companys financial situation and to regain the investors trust. Sluggish Performance of Company The best performing markets of the world for Ford saw a steep decline in 2008. North-America that accounts for almost half of the companys revenue saw downfall of nearly 24% according to Datamonitor (2009), other parts of world saw the same picture. Poor Cash Flows According to Datamonitor (2009) Fords cash flow declined badly endangering companys position at one stage. Although it came out of recession without the US Governments help but it shows ineffective cash management by the company. So, Ford still need to do a lot in order to gain its pre 2007 state. 4.3. Opportunities to Exploit Potential Asian Market Everybody is aware of India and Chinas importance as a developing market for small sized vehicle and it is also mentioned by Fords CEO Alan Mulally in one his interview as For small car, India is the centre of the Universe.(Business Today Sep. 2009) According to Market Watch (2009) in 2008 the Chinese new car market reached $98 billion which grew by 14% which is expected to grow to $155 billion by 2013. On the other hand India is also rising as a strong economy which means consumption of more vehicles. This is a potential opportunity for Fords to capture this part of world through its strong presence in the market and through its high class manufacturing capabilities. Hybrid, Electric and Hydrogen Vehicles The high fuel price increased the demand for fuel efficient vehicles and as everybody is switching to hybrid cars which means next few years are vital for Ford in order to cope the demands of hybrid vehicles. The worldwide demand for hybrid vehicle is 800,000 units in 2009 and is estimated to grow at 4.5 million units by 2013 (Market Watch 2009) In 2012 Ford is expecting to launch in third generation of hybrid vehicles including a plug in version (Ford.com). Also there is significant opportunity to invest in electric and hydrogen vehicles which seems to be next car after the hybrid cars. 4.4. Threats to Overcome Intense Competition Ford is having intense competition from its rivals especially Toyota which is trying to get a grip on US market. Another factor behind this competition is increasing fuel and raw material prices which are giving hard time to keep the production cost low and prices competitive Recession Although economists are saying that the recession is over but actually not for the auto industry as more people are losing jobs, revenues are getting lower and more companies look towards government help in order to survive. Ford was the only company among the big three in US that survived without the bailout but recession did affect its cash flows. 5.0 Porters Five Forces Model for Ford 5.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The automobile industry has a huge supply market which relies on few car makers to sell their products in order to survive in the competitive market. The key inputs required by the manufacturer are not much differentiated by the other supplier and it shows the little switching costs and wider choice of supply. This shows a little power in the hands of supplier but the only thing strengths the power of supplier is the quality of their products which give them a little edge on car manufacturers but overall, supplier holds moderate powers over their buyers. 5.2. Bargaining Power of Customers Before the recession auto crises the market was dominated by the few players and people were mainly relying on local firms mainly in the US with the choice of few, but as the international firms made their way into the global market (Toyota Honda in US) the customers start getting more choices. People dont often buy a car neither buy them in bulk which shows a little or no power in terms of bargaining and on top the strong brand names in the market even further weakens their power. There is huge potential market for new cars, although there is a little switching cost but consumers are price sensitive and brand conscious too, therefore, this results in reducing their bargaining power. There is another factor affecting their power is polypsony nature of market which means large number of buyers with little power to influence the price. All these factors show a moderate power in hand of customer. 5.3. Threat of New Entrants North-American seems to be the heaven for the big three until the arrival of Honda into US market and saw a plunge into the share of US manufacturers. Although it is still believed that to get entrance into the auto industry needs not only the large amount of capital but also the innovative engineering and technology. Due to this factor it is hard seen that a new player emerged into the market. Recent recession also gives the assurance of no more new arrival in the auto industry for a while. Even it has forced few companies to leave the business and many others to tumble. Therefore, it clearly shows the little or no threat to the existing market. 5.4. Threat of Substitutes Although there is no alternative of having your own ride but due to increasing fuel prices, job losses, and increasing car prices are forcing people to move towards the cheaper transport alternatives. Mainly used cars, public transport and somehow cycles are appearing as potential threat for the auto industry. Although these methods are less convenient but due to the recession customer are getting more and more conscious towards money saving and cutting costs. Overall, it shows the strong threat of substitute at least for time being. 5.5. Competitive Rivalry between Existing Players The auto industry is highly competitive in terms of return on investments and it is considered as an oligopoly market. In the past this competition wasnt exactly about the prices of cars but only to capture more market share through the innovative design and technology. Most of the firms tried to avoid price based competition but now its comes to the survival of business which lead towards the price war between rivals and it also resulted towards the lower profit margins. Even this competition has intensified; firms now offer longer warranties, lower interest rates and better after sale support in order to attract more customers. So, this results as the strong market competition. According to Ebsco (2009) the auto industry is occupied by small number of companies who having a battle of survival. Although there is a little threat of new entrants in the market but the competition among the existing firms is quite intensive. All the other forces are either week or moderate apart from the one (Threat of Substitutes) which can impose danger for a time being. The market has changed its shape due to the recession and many firms including GM is having a tough time and others are having a loss or less profit but there are still opportunities in the market to grow and bounce back. 6.0 Strategies 7.0 Conclusion References http://www.autoevolution.com/news/2009-auto-industry-wrap-up-14948.html#Ford http://www.ford .com business today 6 sep 2009 N Madhavan (Alan Mulally Interview) Auto Sales: Sales and Share of Total Market by Manufacturer, Wall Street Journal Markets Data Center, Nov. 3, 2008 http://bigthreeauto.procon.org/#Chart
Monday, August 19, 2019
Neurobiological Mechanisms for Alcoholism Essay -- Biology Essays Rese
Neurobiological Mechanisms for Alcoholism While alcohol could well be considered the most socially acceptable psychoactive drug in our society, the dangers of alcohol abuse and addiction are well known. However, not everyone who uses, or even abuses, alcohol will actually become an alcoholic who is physically dependent on the drug. Not all of the mechanisms that cause one to become addicted to alcohol have been clarified. However, there seem to be two main reasons for alcohol addiction. One is that the chronic consumption of alcohol causes changes in the brain that result in a dependence on alcohol. Another is that some individuals have abnormalities in their brains that result in a greater tendency to become addicted to alcohol. The report in 1990 of the discovery of an "alcoholism gene", while not fully supported by subsequent studies, is illustrative of many observations that the brain chemistry of alcoholics is different from nonalcoholics.1 The acute effects of alcohol on the brain result mainly from its effects on the postsynaptic receptor sites for various neurotransmitters.2 The depressant effects of alcohol arise from its action on GABA-A receptors, the principal postsynaptic receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. When stimulated by GABA, these receptors respond by opening an ion channel that allows Cl- ions to enter the neuron, which hyperpolarizes the membrane and reduces the chance for an action potential to occur. These receptors are also sensitive to alcohol, and its presence allows even more Cl- ions to enter the cell, resulting in further inhibition.3 However, the effects of the chronic use of alcohol are quite different, and result in a decreased sensitivity of GABA-A receptors to both alco... ...s/Blum-full.html 2. OTA Report: Biological Basis for Substance Abuse and Addiction http://www.drugtext.nk/norml/aaota_cont.html 3. Center Line Vol 8 No 3 http://www.med.unc.edu/wrkunits/3ctrpgm/alcohol/cenline/8_3_1.html" 4. Ibid. 5. OTA Report 6. SPRINGER LINK - Psychopharmacology - Abstract Volume 129 Issue 2 (1997) pp 99-111 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/jounals/00213/bibs/7129002/71290099.htm 7. OTA Report 8. Ibid. 9. American Scientist 10. OTA Report 11. American Scientist 12. Ibid. 13. OTA Report 14. Honours Thesis by Karen Johnson, UNSW Australia 1996 http://javelin.commed.unsw.edu.au/karen/thesis/ 15. American Scientist 16. OTA Report 17. Ibid. 18. American Scientist 19. Honours Thesis (visit this site for a comprehensive listing of major studies on this subject) 20. American Scientist
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Human Growth Hormones Effects on Normal and hGH Deficient Children Ess
Human Growth Hormone's Effects on Normal and hGH Deficient Children What is Human Growth Hormone? Human Growth Hormone (hGH) has many uses with today's medical technology. For instance, hGH has proven to be very useful in treating Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Turner's Syndrome in girls (http://www.novo.dk/backgrou/backgrou/bahghuk.htm). Promising studies have also been performed and completed using hGH to quicken the repair of wounds, torn cartliage, and non-healing fractures, as well as treating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthosis (http://www.novo.dk/backgrou/backgrou/bahghuk.htm). Perhaps Human Growth Hormone's most vital and "popular" function is treating children with a deficiency in their natural hGH levels and children who are shorter than their peers but have no hGH deficiency. Human Growth Hormone is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland of humans and is secreted throughout a person's life. hGH is important in children during their years of growth and in adult metabloism (http://www.novo.dk/backgrou/backgrou/bahghuk.htm). hGH is a protein consisting of 191 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 21,700 (http://www.eng.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/human.htm). What is Growth Hormone Deficiency? Growth Hormone Deficiency is defined as disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or of growth hormone (GH) secretion and metabolism which result in short stature (http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/files/GROWTHHO.HTM). A Growth Hormone Deficiency may occur at any time during infancy or childhood, with the most obvious sign being a noticeable slowing of growth (http://www.medhelp.org/web/disframe.htm). Incidence of a GH deficiency is 1/4,000-10,000, and males have more oc... ...tature Caused by Growth Hormone Deficiency. Journal of Pediatrics, 130:205-209. Rosenfeld, R.G. (1997). Is Growth Hormone Just a Tall Story? Journal of Pediatrics, 130:172- 173. Sandberg, D.E. et al. (1994). Growth Hormone: Not For All Short Children. Pediatrics, 94:832-840. Links http://php2.silverplatter.com/physicians/digest/abstract/abst73.htm http://www.gene.com/pressrelease/1981/1_12_81.html http://www.endo-society.org/pubaffai/factshee/shrtstat.htm http://www.immunet.org/immunet/atn.nsf/page/ZQX22601.html http://www.eng.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/human.htm http://www.novo.dk/backgrou/backgrou/bahghuk.htm http://www.medhelp.org/web/growth.htm http://www.medhelp.org/web/disframe.htm http://laran.waismen.wisc.edu/fv/www/lib_grow.htm http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/files/GROWTHHO.HTM
Coretta Scott King Essay -- Biography
Coretta Scott King      Coretta Scott King was born on April 27, 1927 in Heiberger, Alabama. Heiberger was a small segregated town. Coretta’s parents were Obadiah and Bernice Scott. She has an older sister named Edythe and a younger brother, Obie. Coretta was named after her grandmother Cora Scott. Her family was hard working and devoted Christians. Coretta had a strong temper, feared no one and stood up for herself.      Coretta, Edythe and Obie had to walk three miles to an all-black school in Heiberger. Coretta faced many challenges in school and when she would come back from school she would ask her mother why is this happening. Her mother encouraged her to do her best in school and not to worry about anything except education. Remembering what her mother told her, Coretta was able to focus on her education and graduate at the top of her class. When it was time for her to enter seventh grade, both Coretta and Edythe were arranged to go to another black school called the Lincoln School, which was ten miles away in Marion.      Marion was too far to walk back and forth everyday and there was no bus for the black students. The only way for them to get to school was to catch a ride with a black family but they had to pay. By the age of ten, Coretta and Edythe had to pick cotton to get money in the cotton fields.      At the Lincoln School Coretta was taught by white and black teachers. She learned that white people from the North treated blacks equally. Coretta was an...
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Lenovo’s Five Industry Forces Essay
In recent years, competition in the IT market economy has turned fierce. To survive competition, all organizations need to be fully aware of the prevailing business environment and industrial forces to ensure that their products conform to the customer’s expectations as the taste and choice of the customer changes rapidly over time. Lenovo has utilized unique competitive marketing strategy over the years to achieve rapidly increasing share of the market. Its products are reliable, durable and of high quality, but there is always a great deal of threat from leading competitors in the market. Recent weakening of the US economy, falling dollar value and fierce competition among rivals are some of the irritants to Lenovo’s growth. As a global leader in the PC market, Lenovo’s success rests on its ability to deliver consumer centric innovations in products that deliver a blend of mobility, performance and price. Analysis of marketing research data so collected indicate that all organizations need to be in touch with their business market environment and feel the pulse and ever changing expectations of customers. Lenovo is a business that is built on product innovation, a highly efficient global supply chain and strong strategic execution. Its products range from exceptionally engineered laptops, ultrabooks, tablets, desktops and servers. According to research, for businesses to understand adequately the nature of the competition and the industry forces that they face, they must define their market accurately by recognizing a broad base of its competitors. Major dominating competitors of Lenovo’s personal computers division are Apple Inc., Hewlett-Packard and Dell. Lenovo’s strategy is to develop latest PC’s that are efficient, light in weight with latest features and of course with low competing price as there is cut throat competition in the market. With innovativeness, entrepreneurial spirit and teamwork across various cultures, Lenovo has captured the global market and positioned itself within a short life span as a next generation global company of PC’s. The general state of national as well as international economies effect profoundly the performance and prosperity of a company as economies are rarely stable and ï ¬â€šuctuate quite often. Poor economic conditions make the environment more complex and managers’ jobs more difficult and demanding. The global recession that occurred in 2009 and the fall in global demand and the slow down in economic growth translated into a substantial reduction in global trade. As we already know, it affected the cross-border trade of virtually all countries and economic sectors and some industries are still battling with high inflation. Research shows that while Lenovo’s rivals are outsourcing, its in-house production has helped Lenovo stay upbeat with the competition by lowering their prices which is a key advantage to grow economically. Technology development impacts substantially on people’s lives and companies’ fortunes. In a highly competitive global marketplace all organizations need to be fully aware of the prevailing business environment and at the same time ensure that their products are upcoming conforming to the customer’s expectations that change rapidly over time. Lenovo has utilized unique competitive marketing strategy over the years to achieve rapidly increasing share of the IT market by introducing new and innovative products to its consumers including the state of the art portable lightweight notebooks, tablets and thinkpads. Customer behavior is influenced by sociocultural background such as use of language, use of colors, presentation styles and acceptance and trust inspired by the presented product. In addition, the earning capacity of the target customer group also determines their buying behavior. Lenovo have a strong foundation in place having established their products available worldwide exclusively for customers from different sociocultural and income level backgrounds Taking a cue from the demographic segmentation, manufacturers can design products that are relevant to a majority of the target market. The changing lifestyle trends require innovating or transforming the existing product to keep up with their needs. Changes in populations in terms of their size and characteristics are thus very important to managers as it helps to predict the size and growth rates of markets, and the need for specific products. Lenovo originated in China and has expanded its operations worldwide by focusing on the demographics of different countries by targeting younger generation for their latest X1 Carbon which is their latest light design ThinkPad. Lenovo’s growth also comes from small towns, not just big cities Political and legal environment inï ¬â€šuences the marketing decisions since business functions as per the set rules by the concerned government (s). China may be the second largest trading partner of the U.S., but the road to this increasingly close relationship has not been an easy one. Despite the differences in political systems in the two countries: centralized political system in China and a federalist political system in US, business interactions between the Lenovo and it US partners as well as customers has grown overtime. Lenovo has utilized this to its advantage to stay competitive in the IT market by utilizing cheap labor and other operational costs from China and relying on advanced technological from its US partners. Thereby, Lenovo is able to supply superior quality laptops, tablets to its customer’s world-wide a relatively lower price. Lenovo is one of the fastest growing PC companies today and it is an excellent choice of industry to enter in. According to research, as per its sale records in the market, it is considered the world’s second-largest PC vendor serving customers in more than 160 countries. Lenovo has built its business on product innovation, efficient global supply chain and strong strategic execution. Even in tough and highly competitive environment, the company is thriving well reaffirming that the company is executing its plans well and it continues to deliver excellent industrial growth. Lenovo excelled in their business since in the last year as they earned $8 billion in revenue and $141 million as net profit. This year company is progressing aggressively as Lenovo’s first quarter recorded highest market share of 15 percent and profits up by 30 percent. They are taking appropriate risks by introducing new products to the target market and it looks like they have adopted the business concept very well. Given Lenovo’s continued growth over the past several years, I do believe that it is a good industry to enter. In order to make right business decisions, Lenovo seems to have carried out extensive research and analysis on demographic segmentation in identifying the target population for it various products across the globe. As such Lenovo has in its cabinet a product matching with varied tastes, preferences, beliefs, temperaments, price etc. of different population groups. Depending upon the population strata targeted it has devised specific marketing strategies. References Fletcher, Owen. (October 13, 2011). Lenovo passes Dell to become world’s No 2 PC maker. MarketWatch, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http://www.marketwatch.com/story/lenovo-passes-dell-to-become-worlds-no-2-pc-maker-2011-10-13 Loretta Chao. (July 9, 2012). As Rivals Outsource, Lenovo Keeps Production In-House. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http://www.ecommercejobs.com/2012/07/lenovo.pdf Ling, Zhijun (2005). The Lenovo affair: the growth of China’s computer giant and its takeover of IBM-PC. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http://books.google.com/books?id=Mg7TdU9E3d0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Wang, et.al. The Strategic Marketing Management Analysis of Lenovo Group. The Journal of Global Business Management. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http://www.jgbm.org/page/19%20Wang%20Wen%20Cheng%20.pdf Jones, Gareth R. and George, Jennifer M. (2013). Essential of Contemporary Management. Pg 126-129. Lenovo. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http://www.lenovo.com The future is here – Lenovo. (July 1, 2010) Retrieved on November 10 2012, from http://www.lenovo.com/ww/lenovo/pdf/report/E_099220100628a.pdf
Friday, August 16, 2019
Technology During World War II
Radar and Bombsites. Both technologies played a crucial role in the defensive and offensive strategies of all the countries involved. During World War II RADAR saw its first use in combat operations. Although radar came of age during the war (Gobble) it is often referred to as the weapon that won the war and the invention that changed the world.Radar was a technology that allowed land bases to detect Incoming aircraft and direct their anta-alarm defenses In the direction of the Incoming aircraft. Radar was also seed in an offensive strategy by giving aircraft the ability to attack targets at night and during inclement weather. Although the use of aircraft in combat wasn't a new concept in World War II, the development of the bombsites helped to make them a strategic weapon. Bombsites technology allowed for more accurate bombing runs and precision targeting of military and industrial locations.By factoring in altitude, air speed, and ground speed, World War II bombsites allowed bomber s to fly at higher altitudes during their bombing missions which provided safety to the bombers and their crews from nit-aircraft guns and defending fighter aircraft. Radar Radar technology works by transmitting strong, short pulses of radio energy into the air in a specific direction using what is called a directional antenna. When these pulses hit an object like a ship, or aircraft they bounce off the object and back to the antenna.These signals are then converted into an electric signal and shown on screen where they can be viewed by an operator. The position of a detected target Is determined by measuring the time It takes the signal pulse to travel to the target, ounce off, and return to the transmitting antenna. Combining this with the direction the antenna is pointing, gives the targets position. Bombsites A bombsites Is a device used by aircraft to sight a target from the alarm and then accurately drop a bomb on that target.When a bomb Is dropped from an airplane It does not fall straight down but actually moves forward as it falls. This is caused by the horizontal movement of the plane in flight. A falling bomb is also affected by the air resistance created by falling through the air, which causes the bomb to always be Enid the plane when it strikes the target. A bombsites determines, in real time, both the range and the course of the plane so as to calculate the proper moment for releasing a bomb.On the 7th of September 1940, the first wave of over 600 German bombers flew up the River Thames to attack the docks. This was the first night of a bombing campaign called the Blitz. Men and women living along the Thames believed â€Å"the whole world was on fire. †For the next 56 nights London was bombed from dusk to dawn. Conclusion With the technology coming into WI, the war had changed. By building and reading new bomb sights, the Germans could easily bomb London from the air with out worry of artillery below.Many civilians were killed in these b ombing however, Londoner continued to go to work and move with every day life. Another new piece of technology, Radar, was also introduced in WI. This created a new era of technology based warfare. It is said that Radar could have stopped the bombing of Pearl Harbor as the Radar had picked up the incoming bombers. However, as Radar was only new and introduced, higher Captains didn't believe what they were seeing was real and avoided it.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Comparison of Religions: Judaism versus Christianity Essay
There are several differences between Judaism and Christianity and some of these are the following: First of all, when it comes to what is technically referred to as their corresponding â€Å"religious texts†, followers of Judaism utilize â€Å"Tanakh†or the â€Å"Jewish Bible†while devotees of Christianity make use of the â€Å"Old Testament†, as well as, the â€Å"New Testament†(The Differences between Judaism and Christianity n. p. ). Second, in terms of other written forms which are considered â€Å"authority†, followers of Judaism believe in the â€Å"Talmud†, as well as, â€Å"halakhah†(The Differences between Judaism and Christianity n. p. ). On the other hand, devotees of Christianity pay respect to documents authored by â€Å"priests, church councils, ecumenical creeds, papal decrees, as well as, the canon law†(Comparison of Christianity and Judaism n. a. ). Third, followers of Judaism consider God’s nature as â€Å"one substance, one person†(Comparison of Christianity and Judaism n. a. ). Comparing this to what the devotees of Christianity which sees the nature of God as having only â€Å"one substance but three persons†(Comparison of Christianity and Judaism n. a. ). Fourth, Judaism’ followers see Jesus as a â€Å"false prophet†while Christian devotees consider him as the â€Å"only Son of God who saved the whole world†(Comparison of Christianity and Judaism n.a. ). Last but not least, followers of Judaism never believed in the â€Å"resurrection of Jesus†as well as, â€Å"his second coming†while devotees of Christianity believe otherwise (Comparison of Christianity and Judaism n. a. ). Works Cited Comparison of Christianity and Judaism. 2008. n. a. 15 April 2008. http://www. religionfacts. com/christianity/charts/christianity_judaism. htm The Differences between Judaism and Christianity. n. d. n. a. 15 April 2008. http://www. convert. org/differ. htm
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
British nursery Essay
During the first day, nothing of great interest seemed to happen. I was quoted by a girl in the afternoon as having ‘big legs that way’ while being gestured to the sky and I discovered the route to the staff room but other than that I seemed to have settled into the working habit pretty quickly. By the time I got home I was exhausted. I felt like I had run a marathon even though the working day was only half an hour longer than a school day and I had taken part in no physical activity. Mum claimed that being with children was much more difficult than people realized. It certainly opened my eyes to the teachers around me that have to deal with us every day! As the week wore on I found myself almost enjoying the effortless days yet also wishing I had slightly more to do. I always got the feeling from my two supervisors that they had done this job for so many years that they felt they didn’t need me. I felt that I was continually offering my help but not to any great success. As lazy as I am though, I guess it was almost my perfect two weeks as I soon learnt that a staff training day was due on the Friday and a strike was happening the next Monday. An eight day fortnight, wonderful! My worst moment was during the first week when a certain boy nearly emptied his stomach contents over my leg at the same time that a boy expected me to clean his ‘accident’ up. When three other teachers were in the room I felt it almost typical that all the drama happened to me, the only individual who didn’t have a clue what to do! Mrs Rusha was very nice, though, and offered to help claiming this to be the norm. The greatest trouble I had was keeping my confidence up throughout the placement. Especially when conducting the interview as done in my work experience booklet. Talking to the staff during lunchtime was also quite difficult for me as I had to be careful about what I said so it didn’t backfire on my mum or the school. She had given me advice beforehand, though, and explained my responsibility so I knew to be cautious of what I said and did. The final day was definitely the one most likely to stay in my memory the longest. A ‘Sponsored Bounce’ had been set up in the hall and as I was the youngest student, with exception to the actual toddlers, I had the honour of going with them. This was an annual set up by the parents association of two large bouncy castles for every child in the school. Admist the cries of delight and some cries of complete fear from the toddlers you could faintly hear the sound of a six foot girl laughing hysterically. It was great fun and I eventually dragged the other teachers onto it so that everyone was enjoying themselves. I also got given an easter egg as a thank you which was touching for me as I’d felt I hadn’t actually done much. I hope my presence was valued by someone there and that I might have taught a child something they’ll never forget. The experience certainly taught me a lot, from helping me find out what teachers get up to outside the classroom to finding out how tough it really is for nurseries to deal with new Government issues all the time. (E. g. a new jollyphonics scheme must now be taught in every British nursery). I got a real insight into working with children and I found that although the children are different and exciting every day, the job isn’t. I couldn’t see myself becoming a nursery teacher as I need more challenges and a better chance of progression in my job. I absolutely admire teachers now and I’ve decided that a job concerning both children and sport could be something I’m really interested in. For now however I intend to get to university for a sports science degree and to keep my options open.
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Miles Davis and Kind of Blue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Miles Davis and Kind of Blue - Essay Example This "Miles Davis and Kind of Blue" describes the career of Miles Davis, his contribution in jazz music and his album "Kind of Blue". The album in focus, Kind of Blue, was first released in 1959. The importance of this album lies apart from the importance of the innovations that it brought into the field of jazz, in the fact that it is the highest selling jazz album of all time. Its historical importance can be gauged from this fact itself. This album is unique as a result of the revolutionary impact of the chord changes that it effected in the structure of the jazz song. The melody of the song was earlier created through a structure that would be written earlier. However, with the introduction of modal jazz that was not exactly a Davis innovation, there was considerable scope for innovation as the melody was created through changes in the modes of the scale rather than the changes in chords. The dependence on chord was changed in a massive way when it came to Kind of Blue. This is t he reason as to why Davis is considered one of the greatest innovators of the genre. The technique of improvisation was built into the very structure of the composition and melody whereby the progression of the song could then happen through a process of improvisation on the part of the singer. Brought about by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker, this revolution was brought to its logical conclusion by Miles Davis through Kind of Blue, his greatest album (Kaplan). One of the main genres of the twentieth century as far as music is concerned, is jazz. ... This album is unique as a result of the revolutionary impact of the chord changes that it effected in the structure of the jazz song. The melody of the song was earlier created through a structure that would be written earlier. However, with the introduction of modal jazz that was not exactly a Davis innovation, there was considerable scope for innovation as the melody was created through changes in the modes of the scale rather than the changes in chords. The dependence on chord was changed in a massive way when it came to Kind of Blue. This is the reason as to why Davis is considered one of the greatest innovators of the genre. The technique of improvisation was built into the very structure of the composition and melody whereby the progression of the song could then happen through a process of improvisation on the part of the singer. Brought about by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker, this revolution was brought to its logical conclusion by Miles Davis through Kind of Blue, his g reatest album (Kaplan). One of the main genres of the twentieth century as far as music is concerned, is jazz. Apart from the innovations that it introduced into other forms of music, it is also significant for its political importance as a genre that represented the aspirations and cultures of African American communities. The genre provided a voice to several people over the ages, voices that had been marginalized in the schemes of things as they existed earlier. The importance of jazz also lies in the way in which it was used to talk of certain issues that failed to be highlighted earlier as a result of the lack of an appropriate form of music or art. The emergence of jazz gave Black musicians an outlet through its freewheeling style that did not impose any
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